Important Bacteria Disappearing from Our Gut Microbiome

Paula Gallagher on

A new study shows that the eating habits in industrialized societies are so different from those of ancient humans and that it is impacting our intestinal flora. Particularly, newly discovered cellulose degrading bacteria, Ruminococcus, are being lost from the human gut microbiome, especially in industrial societies.

In recent years, there has been a growing fascination with the human microbiome, the vast community of microorganisms that inhabit our bodies, particularly our gastrointestinal tract. Among these microbes, Ruminococcus, a genus of bacteria, holds particular significance due to its role in gut health. However, with the advent of industrialization and changes in dietary habits, Ruminococcus populations have declined in many individuals.

The Microbiome: Our Inner Ecosystem

Before delving into the specifics of Ruminococcus, it's important to gain an understanding of the microbiome as a whole. Our bodies are teeming with trillions of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other organisms. These microbes play crucial roles in digestion, metabolism, immunity, and even mood regulation. The gut microbiome, in particular, is home to a diverse array of bacteria that aid in breaking down food, synthesizing vitamins, and protecting against pathogens.

Ruminococcus

Among the multitude of bacteria residing in our gut, Ruminococcus stands out for its ability to ferment dietary fiber. This genus of anaerobic bacteria specializes in breaking down complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, that our bodies cannot digest on their own. Through this fermentation process, Ruminococcus produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyrate, acetate, and propionate, which serve as an energy source for the cells lining the gut and exert various beneficial effects on health.

Researchers found that Ruminococcus populations have dwindled in many individuals, particularly those in industrialized societies. Several factors may have contributed to this decline:

  • Dietary Changes: Industrialized diets tend to be low in fiber and high in processed foods, which deprive Ruminococcus of its preferred substrate for fermentation.
  • Antibiotic Use: The widespread use of antibiotics in modern medicine and agriculture can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, including Ruminococcus, leading to decreased diversity and abundance.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Sedentary lifestyles, chronic stress, and other aspects of modern living may also impact the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially diminishing Ruminococcus populations.

    Importance of Fiber and Ruminococcus for Health

    Fiber helps to keep our gut microbiome happy and balanced. Fiber serves as the starting point of a natural food chain. It begins with bacteria that can digest cellulose, providing the rest of our microbiome with a balanced diet. This bacteria being Ruminococcus.

    Maintaining a healthy population of Ruminococcus is crucial for overall well-being. Ruminococcus plays a central role in fermenting dietary fiber, producing SCFAs that nourish the gut lining and contribute to metabolic health.

    So what can we do? Eat more fiber! Incorporate plenty of fiber-rich foods into your diet, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts. These provide the necessary substrates for Ruminococcus fermentation.

    For ideas on how to increase your fiber intake, explore further in this blog.

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